Skip to content
myHealth bytes

Summer 2016 Edusocial

1s
6s
11s
32s
33s
44s
47s
48s
49s
50s
52s
54s
57s
58s
59s
60s
66s
67s
72s
76s
77s
81s
85s
88s
93s
96s
97s
98s
100s
101s
103s
105s
113s
121s
123s
125s
127s
132s
135s
137s
139s
153s
157s
159s
161s
162s
163s
164s
165s
167s
168s
171s
172s
173s
174s
175s
176s
177s
178s
179s
180s
181s
183s
184s
185s
186s

Footer Content

Find recommended UK specialists
References
  1. Cafe R, Sherlock P. Coffee shops on the march as pubs decline, town centre data shows. BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38609692. Published 2017. Accessed 10th December, 2019.
  2. Daly JW, Holmen J, Fredholm BB. [Is caffeine addictive? The most widely used psychoactive substance in the world affects same parts of the brain as cocaine]. Lakartidningen. 1998;95(51-52):5878-5883.
  3. Ponte S. The `Latte Revolution’? Regulation, Markets and Consumption in the Global Coffee Chain. World Development. 2002;30(7):1099-1122.
  4. Ritschel C. Coffee can help you lose weight, according to a nutritionist. Independent. Indy/Life Web site. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/coffee-weight-loss-healthy-nutritional-value-fat-burn-diet-metabolism-a8296946.html. Published 2018. Accessed 11/11/2019, 2019.
  5. Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017;359:j5024.
References
  1. Cafe R, Sherlock P. Coffee shops on the march as pubs decline, town centre data shows. BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38609692. Published 2017. Accessed 10th December, 2019.
  2. Daly JW, Holmen J, Fredholm BB. [Is caffeine addictive? The most widely used psychoactive substance in the world affects same parts of the brain as cocaine]. Lakartidningen. 1998;95(51-52):5878-5883.
  3. Ponte S. The `Latte Revolution’? Regulation, Markets and Consumption in the Global Coffee Chain. World Development. 2002;30(7):1099-1122.
  4. Ritschel C. Coffee can help you lose weight, according to a nutritionist. Independent. Indy/Life Web site. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/coffee-weight-loss-healthy-nutritional-value-fat-burn-diet-metabolism-a8296946.html. Published 2018. Accessed 11/11/2019, 2019.
  5. Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ. 2017;359:j5024.
References

 

[1] Cancer Research UK, https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/prostate-cancer, Accessed June 2019.

[2] National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2019) Prostate Cancer (NICE Guideline NG131). Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng131 [Accessed 12 June 2019].

References

[1] Bowel Cancer UK. Bowel Cancer Awareness Month 2019 | Bowel Cancer UK [Internet]. [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://www.bowelcanceruk.org.uk/support-us/bowel-cancer-awareness-month/

[2] Public Health England. NHS bowel cancer screening (BCSP) programme [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-cancer-screening/

[3] Bowel cancer UK. About Bowel Cancer | Bowel Cancer UK [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://www.bowelcanceruk.org.uk/about-bowel-cancer/bowel-cancer/

[4] British Medical Journal. BMJ Best Practices Colorectal Cancer [Internet]. BMJ Publ. Group; 2017 [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/258

[5] Mayo Clinic. Colon cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353674

[6] Cancer Research UK. Bowel cancer survival statistics | Cancer Research UK [Internet]. Cancer Research UK. 2014 [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/bowel-cancer/survival

References

[1] Public Health England (2016). HIV in the UK: 2016 report [online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/602942/HIV_in_the_UK_report.pdf [Accessed 20 Sep. 2018]

[2] Page-Shafer K et al. Risk of HIV infection attributable to oral sex among men who have sex with men and in the population of men who have sex with men. AIDS 2002;16:2350-22.

[3] Coutsoudis A, Kwaan L, Thomson M. Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 in resource-limited settings. Expert review of anti-infective therapy 2010;8:1163-75

[4] Public Health England (2017).Towards elimination of HIV transmission, AIDS and HIV-related deaths in the UK [online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/675809/Towards_elimination_of_HIV_transmission_AIDS_and_HIV_related_deaths_in_the_UK.pdf [Accessed 19 Sep. 2018]

[5] National AIDS Trust (2014). HIV and Black African Communities in the UK. June 2014: A Policy Report [online]. Available at: https://www.nat.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/NAT-African-Communities-Report-June-2014-FINAL.pdf [Accessed 19 Sep. 2018]

[6] Public Health England (2017). Shooting Up: Infections among people who inject drugs in the UK, 2016 [online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/663003/Shooting_Up_2017_report.pdf [Accessed 19 Sep. 2018]

[7] NHS Conditions. HIV and AIDS Treatment [online]. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/treatment/ [Accessed 19 Sep. 2018.

[8] Albert J et al. Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases 2014;46:673-7

References

[1] Singer, M., Deutschman, C., Seymour, C., Shankar-Hari, M., Annane, D., Bauer, M., Bellomo, R., Bernard, G., Chiche, J., Coopersmith, C., Hotchkiss, R., Levy, M., Marshall, J., Martin, G., Opal, S., Rubenfeld, G., van der Poll, T., Vincent, J. and Angus, D. (2016). The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA, 315(8), p.801.

[2] American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference. (1992). Critical Care Medicine, 20(6), pp.864-874.

[3] McPherson, D., Griffiths, C., Williams, M., Baker, A., Klodawski, E., Jacobson, B. and Donaldson, L. (2018). Sepsis-associated mortality in England: an analysis of multiple causes of death data from 2001 to 2010.

[4] UK Parliament. (2015). Sepsis: Written question – 10526. [online] Available at: https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-question/Commons/2015-09-16/10526/ [Accessed 13 Aug. 2018].

[5] NHS England (2017). Second sepsis action plan. [online] Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/second-sepsis-action-plan.pdf [Accessed 13 Aug. 2018].

[6] NHS England (2015). Improving outcomes for patients with sepsis – A cross-system action plan. [online] Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Sepsis-Action-Plan-23.12.15-v1.pdf [Accessed 13 Aug. 2018].

[7] Herrán-Monge, R., Muriel-Bombín, A., García-García, M., Merino-García, P., Martínez-Barrios, M., Andaluz, D., Ballesteros, J., Domínguez-Berrot, A., Moradillo-Gonzalez, S., Macías, S., Álvarez-Martínez, B., Fernández-Calavia, M., Tarancón, C., Villar, J. and Blanco, J. (2017). Epidemiology and Changes in Mortality of Sepsis After the Implementation of Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, p.088506661771188.

[8] Daniels, R., Nutbeam, T., McNamara, G. and Galvin, C. (2010). The sepsis six and the severe sepsis resuscitation bundle: a prospective observational cohort study. Emergency Medicine Journal, 28(6), pp.507-512.

[9] Dellinger, R., Levy, M., Carlet, J., Bion, J., Parker, M., Jaeschke, R., Reinhart, K., Angus, D., Brun-Buisson, C., Beale, R., Calandra, T., Dhainaut, J., Gerlach, H., Harvey, M., Marini, J., Marshall, J., Ranieri, M., Ramsay, G., Sevransky, J., Thompson, B., Townsend, S., Vender, J., Zimmerman, J. and Vincent, J. (2007). Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Intensive Care Medicine, 34(1), pp.17-60.

References

[1] Andreyev HJ, Norman AR, Oates J, Cunningham D. Why do patients with weight loss have a worse outcome when undergoing chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies? Eur J Cancer. 1998;34(4):503-9.

[2] Chute CG, Greenberg ER, Baron J, Korson R, Baker J, Yates J. Presenting conditions of 1539 population-based lung cancer patients by cell type and stage in New Hampshire and Vermont. Cancer. 1985;56(8):2107-11.

[3] Dewys WD, Begg C, Lavin PT, Band PR, Bennett JM, Bertino JR, et al. Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Med. 1980;69(4):491-7.

[4] Wigmore SJ, Plester CE, Richardson RA, Fearon KC. Changes in nutritional status associated with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(1):106-9.

[5] Bozzetti F, Migliavacca S, Scotti A, Bonalumi MG, Scarpa D, Baticci F, et al. Impact of cancer, type, site, stage and treatment on the nutritional status of patients. Ann Surg. 1982;196(2):170-9.

[6] van Eys J. Effect of nutritional status on responses to therapy. Cancer Res. 1982;42(2 Suppl):747s-53s.

[7] Tubiana M, Attie E, Flamant R, Gerard-Marchant R, Hayat M. Prognostic factors in 454 cases of Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer Res. 1971;31(11):1801-10.

[8] Swenerton KD, Legha SS, Smith T, Hortobagyi GN, Gehan EA, Yap HY, et al. Prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer treated with combination chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 1979;39(5):1552-62.

[9] Bozzetti F, Arends J, Lundholm K, Micklewright A, Zurcher G, Muscaritoli M, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: non-surgical oncology. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):445-54

[10] Von Meyenfeldt MF, Meijerink WJHJ, Rouflart MMJ, Builmaassen MTHJ, Soeters PB. Perioperative Nutritional Support – a Randomized Clinical-Trial. Clin Nutr. 1992;11(4):180-6.

[11] Shirai Y, Okugawa Y, Hishida A et al, Fish oil-enriched nutrition combined with systemic chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer patients with cancer cachexia. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4826.

[12] Mir O, Coriat R, Blanchet B, et al. Sarcopenia predicts early dose-limiting toxicities and pharmacokinetics of sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLOS One. 2012;7(5): e37563.

[13] Miyake M, Morizawa Y, Hori S, et al. Clinical impact of postoperative loss in psoas major muscle and nutrition index after radical cystectomy for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. BMC Cancer, 2017;17:237.

References

[1] NICE (2016). Head Lice: Management.

[2] Hill, N., Moor, G., Cameron, M., Butlin, A., Preston, S., Williamson, M. and Bass, C. (2005). Single blind, randomised, comparative study of the Bug Buster kit and over the counter pediculicide treatments against head lice in the United Kingdom. BMJ, 331(7513), pp.384-387.

[3] Burgess, Lee and Brown (2009). Randomised, controlled, parallel group clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of isopropyl myristate/cyclomethicone solution. The Pharmaceutical Journal.

[4] Burgess (2016). Head lice: resistance and treatment options. The Pharmaceutical Journal.

[5] Burgess, I., Lee, P. and Matlock, G. (2007). Randomised, Controlled, Assessor Blind Trial Comparing 4% Dimeticone Lotion with 0.5% Malathion Liquid for Head Louse Infestation. PLoS ONE, 2(11), p.e1127.

References

[1] Schwartz, P., Stramba-Badiale, M., Crotti, L., Pedrazzini, M., Besana, A., Bosi, G., Gabbarini, F., Goulene, K., Insolia, R., Mannarino, S., Mosca, F., Nespoli, L., Rimini, A., Rosati, E., Salice, P. and Spazzolini, C. (2009). Prevalence of the Congenital Long-QT Syndrome. Circulation, 120(18), pp.1761-1767.

[2] Medeiros-Domingo, A., Iturralde-Torres, P. and Ackerman, M. (2007). Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Long QT Syndrome. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition), 60(7), pp.739-752.

[3] Weissler-Snir, A., Gollob, M., Chauhan, V., Care, M. And Spears, D. (2017). Evaluation of Prolonged QT Interval: Structural Heart Disease Mimicking Long QT Syndrome. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 40(4), pp.417-424.

[4] Kenigsberg, D., Khanal, S., Kowalski, M. and Krishnan, S. (2007). Prolongation of the QTc Interval Is Seen Uniformly During Early Transmural Ischemia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 49(12), pp.1299-1305.

[5] Dohadwala, M., Kamili, F., Estes, N. and Homoud, M. (2017). Atrioventricular block and pause-dependent torsade de pointes. HeartRhythm Case Reports, 3(2), pp.115-119.

[6] Subbiah, R., Gollob, M., Gula, L., Davies, R., Leong-Sit, P., Skanes, A., Yee, R., Klein, G. and Krahn, A. (2010). Torsades de pointes during complete atrioventricular block: Genetic factors and electrocardiogram correlates. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 26(4), pp.208-212.

[7] NHS Greater Glascow and Clyde (2012). DRUG INDUCED QT PROLONGATION. Post Script Extra.

[8] Lee, Y., Choi, J., Bae, E., Park, W., Lee, H. and Oh, P. (2015). The corrected QT (QTc) prolongation in hyperthyroidism and the association of thyroid hormone with the QTc interval. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 58(7), p.263.

[9] Torsades de pointes cardiac arrest associated with severe hypothyroidism. (2014). British Journal of Cardiology.

[10] Ludomirsky, A., Klein, H., Sarelli, P., Becker, B., Hoffman, S., Taitelman, U., Barzilai, J., Lang, R., David, D., DiSegni, E. and Kaplinsky, E. (1982). Q-T prolongation and polymorphous (“torsade de pointes”) ventricular arrhythmias associated with organophosphorus insecticide poisoning. The American Journal of Cardiology, 49(7), pp.1654-1658.

[11] Little, R., Kay, G., Cavender, J., Epstein, A. And Plumb, V. (1990). Torsade de Pointes and T-U Wave Alternans Associated with Arsenic Poisoning. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 13(2), pp.164-170

[12] Khan, J., Prasad, N. and Glancy, J. (2009). QTc prolongation during therapeutic hypothermia: are we giving it the attention it deserves?. Europace, 12(2), pp.266-270.

[13] Resuscitation Council (UK) (2015). Adult Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation.

[14] Cho, Y. (2016). Management of Patients with Long QT Syndrome. Korean Circulation Journal, 46(6), p.747.

[15] Schwartz, P. (2004). Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in the Management of High-Risk Patients Affected by the Long-QT Syndrome. Circulation, 109(15), pp.1826-1833.

References

 

  1. Meningitis Research Foundation; Meningitis and septicaemia: UK facts and figures, 2014
  1. UK Meningitis Study; Meningitis Research Foundation, 2013
  1. Dery, M. and Hasbun, R. (2007). Changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 9(4): 301-307.
  1. Wise, J. (2016). MenB vaccine programme cuts cases of meningitis and septicaemia in infants. BMJ, p.i4839.
  1. Bedford H, de Louvois J, Halket S, et al. (2001) Meningitis in infancy in England and Wales: follow up at age 5 years.BMJ. 323(7312):533-6.
  1. J. Thompson, N. Ninis, R. Perera et al. (2006), Clinical recognition of meningococcal disease in children and adolescents. The Lancet, 367(9508): 397–403.
  1. A. Haj-Hassan, M. J. Thompson, R. T. Mayon-White et al. (2011) Which early ‘red flag’ symptoms identify children with meningococcal disease in primary care? British Journal of General Practice, 61(584) e97–e104.
  1. Sadarangani, M., et al. (2015). Outcomes of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Adults and Children in Canada Between 2002 and 2011: A Prospective Cohort Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(8): e27-e35.
  1. J. Thompson, N. Ninis, R. Perera et al. (2006), Clinical recognition of meningococcal disease in children and adolescents. The Lancet, 367(9508): 397–403.
  1. Tacon, C. and Flower, O. (2012). Diagnosis and Management of Bacterial Meningitis in the Paediatric Population: A Review. Emergency Medicine International
  1. Geurts DH, Moll HA. (2011), [Alarm symptoms of meningitis in children with fever] (published in German). Ned Tijdschr Gemeeskd, 155(A2293)
  1. Brouwer M., Tunkel A., van de Beek D. (2010). Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 23(3): 467-492.
  1. Saez-Llorens, X, McCracken GH.(2003) Bacterial meningitis in children. Lancet 361:2139-2148
  1. Nigrovic, L. E, Kuppermann N, Malley R.(2008) Children with bacterial meningitis presenting to the emergency department during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.  Emerg. Med. 15:522-528.
  1. NICE (2010) Bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia in children. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg102/evidence/full-guideline-pdf-134564941 (Accessed May 2018)
References
  1. Lau WM, Chan TY, Szeto SL. Effectiveness of a home-based missing incident prevention program for community-dwelling elderly patients with dementia. Int Psychogeriatr. 2018 May 3:1-92.
  2. Pandey NM, Tripathi SM, Singh B, Tiwari SC. Nonpharmacological methods in managing patients with dementia in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan-Mar;60(1):141-144
  3. Surr CA, Gates C, Irving D, et al. Effective Dementia Education and Training for the Health and Social Care Workforce: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Review of Educational Research. 2017;87(5):966-1002.
  4. Nolan M, Davies, S, Wilkinson JBA et al. The role of education and training in achieving change in care homes: a literature review. Journal of Research in Nursing. 2008;13(5):411-433
  5. Milne A, Guss R, Russ A. Psycho-educational support for relatives of people with a recent diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia: an evaluation of a ‘Course  for Carers’. Dementia (London). 2014 Nov;13(6):768-87
  6. Dauvilliers Y. Insomnia in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. Sleep Med. 2007 Dec;8 Suppl 4:S27-34
  7. Rose KM, Fagin CM, Lorenz R. Sleep disturbances in dementia: What they are and what to do. Journal of gerontological nursing. 2010;36(5):9-14
  8. Page A, Manchip S, Nahas H. Treatment for sleep disturbance in dementia. GM 2014(11).
  9. McCurry SM, Gibbons LE, Logsdon RG, Vitiello M, Teri L. Training caregivers to change the sleep hygiene practices of patients with dementia: the NITE-AD project. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003 Oct;51(10):1455-6010.
  10. Taylor D. Physical activity is medicine for older adults. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2014;90:26-3211.
  11. Neville C, Henwood T, Beattie E, Fielding E. Exploring the effect of aquatic exercise on behaviour and psychological well-being in people with moderate to severe dementia: a pilot study of the Watermemories Swimming Club. Australas J Ageing. 2014 Jun;33(2):124-712.
  12. Lowery D, Cerga-Pashoja A, Iliffe S, Thuné-Boyle I, Griffin M, Lee J, Bailey A, Bhattacharya R, Warner J. The effect of exercise on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: the EVIDEM-E randomised controlled clinical trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Aug;29(8):819-27
  13. De Oliveira AM, Radanovic M, de Mello PCH, et al. Nonpharmacological Interventions to Reduce Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review. BioMed Research International. 2015;2015:218980
  14. Kontos P, Grigorovich A. Rethinking musicality in dementia as embodied and relational. J Aging Stud. 2018 Jun;45:39-4815.
  15. Lloyd J, Muers J, Patterson TG, Marczak M. Self-Compassion, Coping Strategies, and Caregiver Burden in Caregivers of People with Dementia. Clin Gerontol. 2018 Apr 30:1-13
References

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Benabid AL, Chabardes S, Mitrofanis J, Pollak P. Lancet Neurol. 2009 Jan;8(1):67-81. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70291-6. Review.

Parkinson’s disease. Kalia LV, Lang AE. Lancet. 2015 Aug 29;386(9996):896-912. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61393-3. Epub 2015 Apr 19. Review.

Non-motor features of Parkinson disease. Schapira AHV, Chaudhuri KR, Jenner P. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jul;18(7):435-450. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.62. Epub 2017 Jun 8. Review.

References

Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg61

References
  1. Pepe G et al. Am J Human Gent 1998; 63: 917-20
  2. Gullo D et al. PLoS One 6(8):e22552
References

Al Aradi IK, Alawadhi SA, Alkawaja FA.  Earlobe keloids: A pilot study of the efficacy of keloidectomy with core fillet flap and adjuvant intralesional corticosteroids.  Dermatol Surg 2013;39:1514-9.

Cheng LH.  Keloid of the earlobe.  Laryngoscope 1972 Apr;82(4):673-81.

Goutos I, Ogawa R. Steroid tape: A promising adjunct to scar management.
Scars, Burns & Healing, Volume 3, 2017; DOI: 10.1177/2059513117690937.

Mustoe TA, Cooter RD, Gold MH, et al.  International Advisory Panel on Scar Management.  International clinical recommendations on scar management.  Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 297: 433-8.

Ogawa R, Yoshitatsu S, Yoshida K, et al.  Is radiation therapy for keloids acceptable? The risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis.  Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124: 1196-1201.

Ogawa R, Akaishi S, Kuribayashi S, Miyashita T.  Keloids and hypertrophic scars can now be cured completely: Recent progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of keloids and hypertrophic scars and the most promising current therapeutic strategy.  J Nippon Med Sch 2016; 83 (2) 46-53.

Ogawa R.  Keloid and hypertrophic scars are the result of chronic inflammation in the reticular dermis.  Int J Mol Sci 2017 18, 606, doi:10.3390/ijms18030606

References

 

  1. http://worldhepatitisday.org/en/past-campaigns
  2. http://worldhepatitisday.org/en/about-us
  3. World Health Organization Hepatitis Fact Sheets –  available online at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/
  4. Public Health England –  Acute Hepatitis B Annual Report 2015 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/549028/hpr2816_hepB.pdf
  5. British Liver Trust – https://www.britishlivertrust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Hepatitis-B-Low-Res-PDF.pdf
  6. NICE Quality Standard – Hepatitis B –  July 2014 https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs65/chapter/introduction
  7. Public Heath England – Annual Hepatitis C report July 20916 https://www.gov.uk/government/news/annual-hepatitis-c-in-the-uk-report
  8. NHS Choices –  Hepatitis http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hepatitis/Pages/Introduction.aspx
References
  1. Diagnosis and management of headaches in young people and adults Sept 2012 NICE clinical guideline. Available online: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg150
  2. Headsmart: www.headsmart.org.uk
  3. Bartel K et al. Protective and risk factors associated with adolescent sleep: findings from Australia, Canada, and The Netherlands..Sleep Med. 2016 Oct;26:97-103.
  4. Schweizer A et al. Adolescents with a smartphone sleep less than their peers. Eur J Pediatr. 2016
References
  1. Turan V, Colluoglu C, Turkyilmaz E, Korucuoglu U. Prevalence of diastasis recti abdominis in the population of young multiparous adults in Turkey. Ginekol Pol. 2011;82(11):817-21.
  2. Candido G, Lo T, Janssen P. Risk Factors for diastasis of the recti abdominis. J Assoc Chartered Pysiotherapists in Women’s Health. 2005(97):49-54.
  3. Liaw LJ, Hsu MJ, Liao CF, Liu MF, Hsu AT. The relationships between inter-recti distance measured by ultrasound imaging and abdominal muscle function in postpartum women: a 6-month follow-up study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011;41(6):435-43.
  4. Brauman D. Diastasis recti: clinical anatomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122(5):1564-9.
  5. Nahas FX. An aesthetic classification of the abdomen based on the myoaponeurotic layer. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108(6):1787-95; discussion 96-7.
  6. Lo T, G C, Janssen P. Diastasis of the Recti abdominis in pregnancy: Risk factors and Treatment. Physiother Can. 1999;51(32).
  7. Chiarello C, Falzone L, McCaslin K. The effects of an exercise program on diastasis recti abdominis in pregnant women. J Women’s Health Phys Ther. 2005;29:11-6.
  8. Akram J, Matzen SH. Rectus abdominis diastasis. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2014;48(3):163-9.
  9. Batchvarova Z, Leymarie N, Lepage C, Leyder P. Use of a submuscular resorbable mesh for correction of severe postpregnancy musculoaponeurotic laxity: an 11-year retrospective study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(4):1240-8.
References
  1. http://worldhepatitisday.org/en/about-us
  2. https://www.blood.co.uk/why-give-blood/how-blood-is-used/
  3. NHS choices –  Blood groups http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-groups/Pages/Introduction.aspx
References

https://www.blood.co.uk/the-donation-process/preparing-to-give-blood/

https://www.blood.co.uk/why-give-blood/

https://www.blood.co.uk/why-give-blood/the-need-for-blood/black-asian-and-minority-ethnic-communities/

Reference

This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. myHealthSpecialist makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any of the information in this article, or found by following any link from this article. Please consult a doctor or other healthcare professional for medical advice.

References
  1. Action on Hearing Loss https://www.actiononhearingloss.org.uk
  2. NHS Choices  –  Hearing loss http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Hearing-impairment/Pages/Introduction.aspx
References
  1. Expressed Emotion and Psychiatric Relapse – A Meta-analysis; June 1998; Ronald L. Butzlaff, AM; Jill M. Hooley, DPhil Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55(6):547-552.doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.6.547
  2. personalityresearch.org/papers/mcdonagh.html
References
  1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) — Depression: the treatment and management of depression in adults (CG90)[National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009a] and Depression in adults with a chronic physical health problem (CG91)[National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009b].
  2. Patient.co.uk – https://patient.info/health/depression-leaflet
  3. Oxford mindfulness centre.
    http://oxfordmindfulness.org/
  4. Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Prevention of Depressive Relapse. An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis From Randomized Trials
    Willem Kuyken, PhD1; Fiona C. Warren, PhD2; Rod S. Taylor, PhD2; et al. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(6):565-574.
References
  1. https://www.bhf.org.uk/heart-health/conditions/abnormal-heart-rhythms
  2. Arrhythmia Alliance: www.heartrhythmcharity.org.uk/
  3. Atrial Fibrillation Association: www.atrialfibrillation.org.uk/
  4. Sudden Adult Death Trust: www.sadsuk.org/
  5. Cardiac Risk in the Young: www.c-r-y.org.uk/
  6. Wolff A, Cowan C. 10 steps before your refer for palpitations. Br J Cardiol 2009;16:182-6
  7. http://www.privatecardiologyservices.co.uk/monitoring-and-telemedicine
Reference
  1. Tellisi N et al. Joint Preservation of the Osteoarthritic Ankle Using Distraction Arthroplasty. Foot Ankle Int. 2009; 30(4):318-25
Reference
  1. Rivat, C. & Ballantyne, J. The dark side of opioids in pain management: basic science explains clinical observation. Pain Rep. 1, e570 (2016). Available at: http://journals.lww.com/painrpts/Fulltext/2016/08300/The_dark_side_of_opioids_in_pain_management__.3.aspx
References

 

  1. Public Health England and Food Standards Agency (2014). Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey-results-from-years-1-to-4-combined-of-therolling-programme-for-2008-and-2009-to-2011-and-2012.
  2. NHS Choices – How to get Vitamin D from Sunlight. Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Summerhealth/Pages/vitamin-D-sunlight.aspx.
  3. Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al. Effect of vitamin D on falls: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2004; 291(16):1999-2006.
  4. Rodriguez-Martinez MA, Garcia-Cohen EC. Role of Calcium and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Pharmacol Ther 2002; 93: 37–49.
  5. Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al. Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2009; 339(1):b369
  6. Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition – Vitamin D and Health Report, Public Health England July 2016.
  7. Martineau AR, Cates CJ, Urashima M, Jensen M, Griffiths AP, Nurmatov U, Sheikh A, Griffiths CJ. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD011511. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011511.pub2
  8. http://www.nhs.uk/news/2016/07July/Pages/The-new-guidelines-on-vitamin-D-what-you-need-to-know.aspx
  9. Bischoff-Ferrari HA et al. Monthly High-Dose Vitamin D Treatment for the Prevention of Functional Decline – A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. Published online January 4 2016.
References
  1. ESSKA Meniscus Consensus Project: Degenerative meniscus lesions. Available here.
  2. Beattie KA et al. Abnormalities identified in the knees of asymptomatic volunteers using peripheral magnetic resonance imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage.2005 Mar;13(3):181-6.
References

Anderson, K.N et al. Reproductive risk factors and breast cancer subtypes: a review of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2014) 144: 1. doi:10.1007/s10549-014-2852-7

Dumitrescu RG et al. Understanding breast cancer risk – where do we stand in 2005? Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. January 2005. DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb0035

Ferlay J et al. Global burden of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Epidemiology: 1-19. 2009

Gierisch JM et al. Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Breast, Cervical, Colorectal, and Endometrial Cancers: A Systematic Review. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0298
Hardefeldt PJ et al. Deodorant use and breast cancer risk.. Epidemiology. 2013 Jan;24(1):172

Hardefeldt PJ et al. Diabetes increases the risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2012 Nov 19;19(6):793-803. doi: 10.1530/ERC-12-0242. Print 2012 Dec.

Kamdar, B.B et al. Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat (2013) 138: 291. doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2433-1

Key TJ et al. Alcohol, diet, and risk of breast cancer. BMJ 2016; 353 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2503

Lu Chen et al. Bra Wearing Not Associated with Breast Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case–Control Study. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0414 Published October 2014

King et al. Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risks Due to Inherited Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science 24 Oct 2003: 302(5645): 643-646
McPherson K et al. Breast cancer – epidemiology, risk factors and genetics. In: ABC of Breast Diseases. Ed. Dixon MJ. BMJ Books
Naro SA. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 8, 669-676 (November 011) doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.110

Pinder SE et al. The diagnosis and management of pre-invasive breast disease: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) – current definitions and classification. Breast Cancer Research 20035:254

Swerdlow J et al. Breast Cancer Risk After Supradiaphragmatic Radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in England and Wales: A National Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 30(22). 2012

References
  1. Births and Deaths 2015. National Office of Statistics. Available online: http://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/bulletins/birthsummarytablesenglandandwales/2015#is-the-age-at-which-women-are-having-babies-changing. Accessed January 2017.
  2. Wallace WHB, Kelsey TW. Human Ovarian Reserve from Conception to the Menopause. PloS One January 2010;5(1)
  3. Heffner LJ. Advanced maternal age – how old is too old? New England Journal of Medicine 2004.351:1927–9.
  4. Hamzelou J. When should you get pregnant? Computer knows age to start trying. New Scientist. Available online: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22730324-100-when-should-you-get-pregnant-computer-knows-age-to-start-trying/. Accessed January 2017.
  5. IVF – chance of success. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. Available online: http://www.hfea.gov.uk/ivf-success-rate.html. Accessed January 2017.
References

Useful links and acknowledgements

NHS Choice website:
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/glaucoma/pages/introduction.aspx

International Glaucoma Association. Laser procedures of glaucoma:
https://www.glaucoma-association.com/about-glaucoma/treatments/laser/

https://rohitsharma.doc4care.uk/blog/selective-laser-trabeculoplasty-for-glaucoma-treatment

References

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/healthadvice/treatmentswellbeing/spirituality.aspx

http://www.spiritualitymentalhealth.org.uk/articles.html

http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/mentalhealthinfo/treatments/spirituality.aspx

http://indianjpsychiatry.org (Behere et al; 2013)

http://www.actionforhappiness.org

References
  1. Whiteford, H. A. et al. (2013) Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. 382 (9904). pp. 1575-1586.
  1. McManus S, Bebbington P, Jenkins R, Brugha T. (eds.) (2016) Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. Leeds: NHS Digital.
  1. Conway CR et al (2017). Toward an Evidence-Based, Operational Definition of Treatment-Resistant Depression: When Enough Is Enough. 1;74(1):9-10.
References
  1. Bahar AY et al. The frequency of founder mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, and APC genes in Australian Ashkenazi Jews: implications for the generality of U.S. population data. Cancer 2001;92:440-5
  2. Vasen HFA et al. Recommendations to improve identification of hereditary and familial colorectal cancer in Europe. Familial Cancer 2010;9:109–115
References
  1. Gelbard M.K. et al. The natural history of Peyronie’s disease. J Urol 1990 144: 1376
  2. Mulhall J P et al. An analysis of the natural history of Peyronie’s disease. J Urol 2006 175: 2115.
  3. Sommer F et al. Epidemiology of Peyronie’s disease. Int J Impot Res 2002 14:379.
  4. Kadioglu A et al. A retrospective review of 307 men with Peyronie’s disease. J Urol 2002 168:1075.
References and further reading

 

  1. About breast cancer. Cancer Research UK. Available at: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/breast-cancer/about/. Last accessed November 2016.
  2. Breast cancer (female). NHS choices. Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer-of-the-breast-female/Pages/Introduction.aspx. Last accessed November 2016.
  3. What Every Woman Needs to Know about Breast and Ovarian Cancers. Available at: https://www.knowbrca.org/Learn/what-every-woman-needs-to-know-about-breast-and-ovarian-cancers. Last accessed November 2016.
  4. Ovarian cancer risks and causes. Cancer Research UK. Available at: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/ovarian-cancer/about/ovarian-cancer-risks-and-causes. Last accessed November 2016.
  5. Schwartz M. et al.; Utilization of BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutation Testing in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(4). April 2005
  6. The American Society of Breast Surgeons, Position Statement on BRCA Genetic Testing for Patients With and Without Breast Cancer; https://www.breastsurgeons.org/statements/brca.php
  7. Giuliano A.E. et al.; Society of Surgical Oncology: Position Statement on Prophylactic Mastectomy. Ann Ann Surg Oncol.2007 Sep;14(9):2425-7
  8. Phillips K.A. et al.; Tamoxifen and Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers; Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013; Aug; 10.1200/JCO.2012.47.8313
  9. Metcalfe K. et al.; The Risk of Ovarian Cancer after Breast Cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Gynecologic Oncology 2005; 96:222-226.
  10. Rosenthal A. et al.; Results of Annual Screening in Phase I of the United Kingdom Familial Ovarian Cancer Screening Study Highlight the Need for Strict Adherence to Screening Schedule; J Clin Oncol 2012; 31:49-57.
  11. Ingham S.L. et al.; Ovarian cancer among 8005 women from a breast cancer family history clinic: no increased risk of invasive ovarian cancer in families testing negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2. J Med Genet. 2013; Jun;50(6):368-72.
Reference

British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of gout. Jordan KM et al. Rheumatology 2007;46(8):1372-4.

References
  1. The Flu vaccination 2015/2016 Gov.Uk https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/526405/Flu_Annual_Report_2015_2016.pdf
  2. NHS Choices The Flu Jab in Adults http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/vaccinations/Pages/flu-influenza-vaccine.aspx
References

 

  1. Tham DM et al. Potential Health Benefits of Dietary Phytoestrogens: A Review of the Clinical, Epidemiological, and Mechanistic Evidence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(7)2223-35. Available here.
  2. Franco OH et al.(2016) Use of Plant-Based Therapies and Menopausal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 2016;315(23)2554-63. Available here.
  3. Liu Z et al. Estrogenicity of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) and its effect on estrogen receptor level in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells (in Chinese). Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2001;30(2):77-80. Available here.
  4. Einer-Jensen N et al. Cimicifuga and Melbrosia lack oestrogenic effects in mice and rats. Maturitas. 1996;25(2):149-153. Available here.
  5. Reed SD et al. Vaginal, endometrial, and reproductive hormone findings: randomized, placebo-controlled trial of black cohosh, multibotanical herbs, and dietary soy for vasomotor symptoms: the Herbal Alternatives for Menopause (HALT) Study. Menopause. 2008;15(1):51-8. Available here.
  6. Black Cohosh drug record. National Library of Medicine. Available here.
  7. Wiklund IK et al. Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double- blind, placebo-controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine Group. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res. 1999;19:89–99. Available here.
  8. Chenoy R et al. Effect of oral gamolenic acid from evening primrose oil on menopausal flushing. BMJ 1994;308:501–3. Available here.
  9. Hirata JD et al. Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women? A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril 1997;68:981–6. Available here.
  10. Al-Akoum M et al. Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) on hot flashes and quality of life in perimenopausal women: a randomized pilot trial. Menopause 2009;16:307–14. Available here.
  11. Linde K et al. St John’s wort for major depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 8(4):CD000448. Available here.
References and further reading

 

  1. Early Onset Scoliosis: A Comprehensive Guide from the Oxford Meetings by Colin Nnadi. ISBN: 9783131726612. August 2015
  1. Dickson RA. Conservative treatment for idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985 Mar;67(2):176-81
  1. Akbarnia BA. Management themes in early onset scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Feb;89(1):42-54
  1. Branthwaite MA. Cardiorespiratory consequences of unfused idiopathic scoliosis. Br J Dis Of The Chest. 1986;80(4):360-9.
  1. Pehrsson K et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms. Spine. 1992;17(9):1091-6.
  1. Akbarnia BA et al. Complications of growth-sparing surgery in early onset scoliosis. Spine. 2010;35(25):2193-204..
  1. Karol LA. Early definitive spinal fusion in young children: what we have learned. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(5):1323-9.
  1. Day GA et al. Pulmonary functions in congenital scoliosis. Spine. 1994;19(9):1027-31.
  1. Winter RB et al. The results of spinal arthrodesis for congenital spinal deformity in patients younger than five years old. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64(3):419-32.
  1. Cheung KM et al. Magnetically controlled growing rods for severe spinal curvature in young children: a prospective case series. Lancet. 2012;379(9830):1967-74.
  1. Akbarnia BA et al. Innovation in Growing Rod Technique: A Study of Safety and Efficacy of a Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod in a Porcine Model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37(13):1109-14.
References

 

  1. Yang ZY et al. Yoga for asthma. (2016) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016; DOI: 1002/14651858.CD010346.pub2 Available here.
  2. Liu XC et al. Effects of yoga training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2014;6(6):795–802. Available here.
  3. Smith EN et al. Yoga, vertebral fractures, and osteoporosis: research and recommendations. Int J Yoga Therap. 2013;23(1):17-23. Available here.
  4. Cramer H et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of yoga for low back pain. Clin J Pain. 2013 May;29(5):450-60. Available here.
  5. Press and media: Exercise not acupuncture for people with low back pain says NICE in draft guidance. Available here.
  6. GH Naveen et al. Positive therapeutic and neurotropic effects of yoga in depression: A comparative study. Indian J Psychiatry. 2013;55(3):S400-4. Available here.
  7. Javnbakht M et al. Effects of yoga on depression and anxiety of women. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2009;15(2):102-104. Available here.
  8. Qu S et al. Rapid Gene Expression Changes in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes upon Practice of a Comprehensive Yoga Program. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61910. Available here.
  9. Curtis K et al. Systematic Review of Yoga for Pregnant Women: Current Status and Future Directions. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; 2012:715942. Available here.
  10. Narendran S et al. Efficacy of yoga on pregnancy outcome. J Altern Complement Med. 2005;11(2):237-44. Available here.
  11. Huang AJ et al. A Group based intervention for Urinary incontinence in Women: A Pilot Randomized Trial. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2014;20(3):147-54. Available here.
References

 

  1. McCorrmak, S et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection (PROUD): effectiveness results from the pilot phase of a pragmatic open-label randomised trial. Lancet 2016;387(10013):53-60. Available here.
  2. Molina JM et al. On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection. N Engl J Med 2015;373(3):2237-2246. Available here.
  3. Public Health England. HIV in the UK – Situation Report 2015. Incidence prevalence and prevention. Available here.
  4. Hill A. 21st Annual Conference of the British HIV Association (BHIVA). April 2015, The Brighton Centre. Presentation. Available here.
  5. Terrence Higgins Trust. PrEP (Pre Exposure Prophylaxis). Last reviewed August 2016. Available here.
  6. Hill A et al. Predicted savings to the UK National Health Service from switching to generic antiretrovirals, 2014-2018. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17(3):19497. Available here.
  7. Ong, KJ et al. Cost and cost-effectiveness of an HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programme for high-risk men who have sex with men in England: results of a static decision analytical model. Lancet 2015;386(S16). Available here.
References

 

  1. BTS/SIGN British Guideline on the Management of Asthma, October 2014. Available here.
  2. Nicholson PJ et al. Occupational asthma: Prevention, identification & management: Systematic review & recommendations. London: British Occupational Health Research Foundation. London. 2010. Available here.
  3. Ayres JG et al. Costs of occupational asthma in the UK. Thorax 2011;66(2):128–133. Available here.
  4. Fishwick D et al. Are we failing workers with symptoms suggestive of occupational asthma? Prim Care Respir J. 2007;16(5):304–310. Available here.
  5. Vandenplas O et al. What are the questionnaire items most useful in identifying subjects with occupational asthma? Eur Respir J. 2005;26(6):1056–1063. Available here.
  6. Feary J et al. Occupational asthma. BMJ 2016;353:i2658. Available here.
References

 

  1. The University of California Television (UCTV). Sugar: The bitter truth. Video. Available here.
  2. NHS choices. How does sugar in our diet affect our health? Available here.
  3. Public Health England. The Eatwell Guide. Available here.
References

 

  1. https://www.breastfeedingnetwork.org.uk/if-breastfeeding-hurts-05-may-2015/
  2. http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Baby_Friendly/Netwo rks/NIFN_statement_thrush_2014.pdf
  3. http://www.rcgp.org.uk/clinical-and-research/clinical-resources/~/media/Files/CIRC/Perinatal-Mental-Health/RCGP-Ten-Top-Tips-Nice-Guidance-June-2015.ashx
  4. http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/breastfeeding-help-support.aspx
References

 

  1. Hernandez ML et al. Vitamin E, γ-tocopherol, reduces airway neutrophil recruitment after inhaled endotoxin challenge in rats and in healthy volunteers. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;60:56-62. Available here.
  2. Kawamoto Y et al. Prevention of allergic rhinitis by ginger and the molecular basis of immunosuppression by 6-gingerol through T cell inactivation. J Nutr Biochem. 2016;27:112-22. Available here.
  3. Heber D et al. Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract attenuates nasal allergic response to diesel exhaust particles. Food Funct. 2014;5:35-41. Available here.
  4. Masuda S et al. ‘Benifuuki’ green tea containing o-methylated catechin reduces symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Allergol Int. 2014;63(2):211-7. Available here.
  5. Choi SY et al. Effect of Inhalation of Aromatherapy Oil on Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;7896081. Epub. Available here.
References

 

  1. Rao J. Acne Vulgaris. Medscape. Available online at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1069804-overview
  2. Zaenglein AL et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016;74(5):945-973. Available here.
  3. Kim GK et al. Oral Spironolactone in Post-teenage Female Patients with Acne Vulgaris. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2012;5(3):37–50. Available here.
  4. Taub AF. Procedural treatments for acne vulgaris. Dermatol Surg 2007; 33(9):1005-26. Available here.
  5. Mukhopadhyay P. Cleansers and their role in various dermatological disorders. Indian J Dermatol 2011;56(1):2-6. Available here.